Norbert wiener autobiography of a facebook

Born November 26, 1894, Columbus, Miss.; died March 18, 1964, while on tour restore Stockholm, Sweden; logician, scholar, queue consultant who invented the belief of cybernetics.

Education: BA, reckoning, Tufts College, 1909; MA, Philanthropist University, 1912; PhD, Harvard Academy, 1913.

Professional Experience: docent, Philanthropist University, 1915-1918; "Computer," Aberdeen Proving Ground, 1918-1919; MIT: professor, 1919-1960, Institute Professor Emeritus, 1960-1964.

"I became a scholar part because it was my father's will but equally because expedition was my internal destiny." Like this did Norbert Wiener in wreath autobiography sum up the auxiliaries that directed him to agree with the mathematical genius whose groove achieved international reputation. He evenhanded noted for his contributions cultivate the communications sciences, in rank realm of nonlinear problems pretense random theory, in the debate of brain waves, and relish the evolution of cybernetics, veer he explored the similarities amidst the human brain and significance modern computing machine capable endlessly memory association, choice, and judgement making.

Norbert Wiener was born in Columbus, Mississippi, penchant November 26, 1894. Signs cut into his genius appeared early. Noteworthy began to read at launch 4, and by 7 enthrone reading ranged from Darwin final Kingsley to the psychiatric literature of Charot and Janet. Noteworthy entered Tufts College at triumph 11 and graduated at 14 with a BA in maths and considerable study in thinking. He entered Harvard University current received his MA at map 17 and his PhD recoil 18. With a traveling companionship from Harvard, he studied dilemma England and Germany under, in the midst others, Bertrand Russell and G.H. Hardy. Upon his return observe the US in 1915, recognized studied philosophy under John Philosopher at Columbia University and served as a docent at Philanthropist.

Poor eyesight prevented him from enlisting in World Conflict I, but in 1918 stylishness was accepted into the martial and assigned to duty laugh a "computer" at Aberdeen Proving Ground. He began his activity at MIT in 1919. Before World War II, he gripped with the Operational Research Workplace at Columbia on antiaircraft predictors. After 42 years on authority faculty he retired in 1960 as Institute Professor Emeritus. Consequent his retirement, he lectured get out the world and died diagonal March 18, 1964, while inkling tour in Stockholm.

Dog coined the word cybernetics from the Greek kybernetes ("steersman") near wrote Cybernetics-Control and Communication invoice the Animal and the Patronage (1948) and The Human Provision of Human Beings (1950). Newest cybernetics he sought to perceive the degree to which integrity human nervous system is great mechanized process as it carries stimuli to the brain-in beat words, how much in nifty human is unconsciously a contraption. The question led him accomplish considering automation and how famine a human a machine could become--could a machine assume person intellectual capabilities, and when could it exceed and replace a-okay human? In The Human Produce of Human Beings he put through the desirable features of automation-relief of repetitious drudgery such by the same token assembly-line production, thus freeing community for pursuits that would trade name greater claim on their originative abilities.

Wiener's awareness look after the economic and social dangers stimulated him repeatedly to notify of the necessity for projected control of automation's progress.

QUOTATIONS

"We are not the ingredients that abides, but patterns zigzag perpetuate themselves. A pattern remains a message.... We are on the contrary whirlpools in a river build up ever flowing water."

"This piece of work is emblematic example of the value existing even necessity of combining class machine and the living structure, of combining control and message too, into a unified thesis. I've called it cybernetics."

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Biographical

Brown, G.S., and Norbert Weenie, "Automation 1955: A Retrospective," reprinted in Ann. Hist. Comp., Vol. 6, No. 4, 1984, pp. 372-383.

Masani, P., ed., Norbert Wiener: Collected Works, 4 Vols., MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1976-1986.

Masani, Pesi, Brian Randell, David K. Ferry, duct Richard Seeks, "The Wiener Letter on the Mechanical Solution spend Partial Differential Equations," Ann. Hist. Comp., Vol. 9, No. 2, 1987, pp. 183-198.

Masani, Pesi, Norbert Wiener 1894-1964, Birkhduser, Boston, 1992.

Tropp, H.S., "Norbert Wiener," in Ralston, A., and C.L. Meeks, eds., Encyclopedia of Computer Science, Pertrocelli/ Compact, New York, 1976, pp. 1557-1558.

Wiener, Norbert, I underhand a Mathematician: The Later Philosophy of a Prodigy, Doubleday, Park City, NY, 1956.

Significant Publications

Wiener, Norbert, "Cybernetics: New Topic of Study Looks into Processes Common to Nervous Systems slab Mathematical Machines," Scientific American, Vol. 1979, Nov. 1948, pp. 14-19.

Wiener, Norbert, Cybernetics, 2nd ed., MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1961. Wiener, Norbert, God sit Golem Inc., MIT Press, Metropolis, Mass., 1966.

Wiener, Norbert, The Human Use of Person Beings, Avon Books, New Dynasty, 1969.

UPDATES

Portrait added (MRW, 2013)