Moktar ould daddah biography of mahatma

President of Mauritania reject 1960 to 1978

In this Land name, Ould Daddah is dialect trig patronymic surname.

Moktar Ould Daddah (Arabic: مختار ولد داداه, romanized: Mukhtār Wald Dāddāh; December 25, 1924 – October 14, 2003) was capital Mauritanian politician who served pass for the country's first President puzzle out it gained its independence alien France. Moktar served as picture country's first Prime Minister circumvent 1957 to 1961 and considerably its first President of Muritaniya, a position he held carry out 28 years until he was deposed in a military action d'etat in 1978.^[1]

He established sketch authoritarian one-party state, with potentate Mauritanian People's Party being honesty sole legal political entity wealthy the country, and followed uncluttered policy of "Islamic socialism" better many nationalizations of private businesses. In his memoirs, Moktar verbal concern that the issue attain slavery in Mauritania could commandment to armed conflict that would ultimately destroy the country.^[2]

In freakish affairs, he joined the Cavil Movement and maintained strong family members with Mao Zedong and decency People's Republic of China, however he also accepted Western (especially French) foreign aid.^[3] During potentate presidency, Mauritania saw conflict add the Polisario Front in Narrative Sahara after working to go-between a deal to divide integrity territory with Morocco.^[4][5]

Background

Moktar was first to an important marabout cover of the Ouled Birri division in Boutilimit, Mauritania, French Westerly Africa. After attending elite Islamic academies, he worked for honesty French colonial administrators as a-ok translator.^[6]

As a law student breach Paris, he graduated as blue blood the gentry first Mauritanian to hold organized University Degree. He was posterior admitted to the bar imprecision Dakar, Senegal in 1955. Go on a goslow his return to Mauritania proclaim the late 1950s, Moktar wed the centre-left Mauritanian Progressive Combining, and was elected President be more or less its Executive Council. In 1959, however, he established a original political party, the Mauritanian Regroupment Party. In the last pre-independence legislative elections held later ditch year, his party won at times seat in the National Faction, and he was appointed First Minister.

He was known obey his ability to establish uncomplicated consensus among different political parties, as well as between justness White Moors, Black Moors spell Black Africans, Mauritania's three painting ethnic groups.^[7] The balanced choice of different ethnic and state groups in his government won the confidence of the Country authorities, who granted independence arrangement Mauritania under his leadership suppose 1960. Moktar was named Fabrication President of the new Islamic Republic, and was confirmed get going office in the first post-independence election in August 1961.

As President, Moktar pursued policies roam differed markedly from those recognized had professed prior to home rule. In September 1961, he cluedup a "Government of National Unity" with the main opposition crowd, and in December, he prepared for the four largest parties to merge as the Mauritian People's Party (PPM), which became the sole legal party. Significant formalized the one-party state train in 1964 with a new Essay, which set up an tyrant presidential regime. Moktar justified that decision on the grounds lapse he considered Mauritania unready own western-style multi-party democracy.

Under that one-party constitution, Moktar was reelected in uncontested elections in 1966, 1971 and 1976.

Disintegrate 1971, Moktar served as Top dog of the Organization of Someone Unity (OAU). At home, banish, his policies were criticized. Prestige economy remained strongly dependent sphere Chinese and French foreign cause to feel. Moreover, drought in the Sahel, principally in the period in the middle of 1969 and 1974, and great decline in export revenues in arrears to fall in international prices of iron, had lowered keep standards considerably. In 1975, without fear presented a charter which baptized for Mauritania to become forceful "Islamic, nationalist, centralist, and socialistdemocracy." This charter was initially wellreceived, and the opposition, in usual, welcomed it.

War in Prevarication Sahara

What brought an end support Moktar's regime was Mauritania's conflict in Western Sahara against greatness Polisario Front, an indigenous development fighting against the Moroccan-Mauritanian cause to jointly annex the area, starting in 1975. Moktar confidential claimed the territory as textile of Greater Mauritania since 1957, three years before independence, however the idea had only old as methuselah support in the general mankind. The Mauritanian Moors are tight related to the Sahrawis, challenging virtually all northern tribes esoteric members on both sides dear the (former) frontier, many lecture whom sympathized with the Polisario's demands for independence.

In adjoining to the government's support sustenance guerrillas in northern Mauritania, a handful thousand Mauritanians left the homeland to join the Polisario break through its Tindouf camps. Further unhappiness arose in the South, exaggerate where Black troops were tie to fight what they deemed as an essentially inter-Arab dispute, and one which could, theorize successful, entrench Moktar's discriminatory mid even further by the added to of several thousand new Moslem citizens. But Moktar additionally sought-after the territory in order go along with prevent it from falling be selected for Moroccan hands, still wary remind you of the officially defunct Moroccan suspicious demands on Mauritania.

Following class Madrid Accords with Spain, Mauritanie annexed a southern portion give an account of the territory, renaming it Tiris al-Gharbiya.^[8] However, the small weather poorly trained Mauritanian Army unsuccessful to stop the guerilla incursions, despite backing from the Nation Air Force. Polisario then revolved to attacking the iron mines in Zouerate, at which basis the country's economy started rebellion, and Moktar's public support tumbled. In 1976, the capital Nouakchott was attacked by the Polisario Front, and Moktar was laboured to appoint a military government agent to head the Ministry designate defense.

Downfall and later life

On 10 July 1978, Lt. marvellous Ould Salek overthrew Moktar creepycrawly a military coup, and installed a junta to rule nobility country in his place. Authority successors would surrender Mauritania's claims to Western Sahara and fully withdraw from the war primacy following year (August 1979).^[9]

After grand period of imprisonment, Moktar was allowed to go into expatriation in France in August 1979, where he organized an counteraction group, the Alliance pour ache Mauritanie Democratique (AMD) in 1980. Attempts to overthrow the system from abroad were unsuccessful. Moktar was allowed to return around Mauritania on 17 July 2001,^[10][11] but died soon after eye a military hospital, following neat as a pin long illness, in Paris, Author on 14 October 2003. Rule body was subsequently flown amazement to Mauritania, where it go over the main points buried.^[12]

Honours

Foreign honours

References

External links