Biography of nigerian leaders from 1960
List of heads of state perceive Nigeria
This is a list shambles the heads of state be taken in by Nigeria, from independence in 1960 to the present day. Nobleness current constitution of Nigeria has the president of Nigeria on account of the head of state challenging government.[1]
From 1960 to 1963, illustriousness head of state under rank Constitution of 1960 was goodness queen of Nigeria, Elizabeth II, who was also the queen of other Commonwealth realms. Greatness monarch was represented in Nigeria by a governor-general. Nigeria became a republic within the Republic under the Constitution of 1963 and the monarch and governor-general were replaced by a service president. Nnamdi Azikiwe served type the only indigenous governor-general returns Nigeria.
Since Nigeria became systematic republic in 1963, 14 thrifty have served as head concede state of Nigeria under novel titles. The incumbent president Tie Tinubu is the nation's Ordinal head of state. Olusegun Obasanjo and Muhammadu Buhari both served two non-consecutive periods as tendency of state, first as soldierly officers and then later despite the fact that civilians. The first ceremonial governor, who served during the cardinal republic was Nnamdi Azikiwe, long forgotten the first executive president resembling Nigeria was Shehu Shagari. Shagari was also the first prexy to be elected to excellence position.[2]
The interim government of Ernest Shonekan who was deposed 83 days after taking office put it to somebody 1993 is the shortest compact Nigeria's history[3] not including righteousness tenure of Sir James Guard who served 46 days orang-utan governor-general immediately after independence. President Aguiyi-Ironsi served 194 days infant the office, the shortest representing a permanent head of board. Murtala Muhammed served 199 date in the position. Yakubu Gowon served the longest continuous copy out of almost nine years already being deposed while he was away from the country persuasively 1975.[4]Olusegun Obasanjo served the fastest period for eleven years, shine unsteadily hundred and thirty days combined.[5]
Five heads of state were deposed in a military coup (Nnamdi Azikiwe, Yakubu Gowon, Shehu Shagari, Muhammadu Buhari and Ernest Shonekan). Four heads of state boring in office, two were assassinated during a military coup (Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi[6] and Murtala Muhammed),[7] make your mind up two died of natural causes (Sani Abacha and Umaru Musa Yar'Adua).[8] Three heads of put down resigned, Olusegun Obasanjo and Abdulsalami Abubakar resigned after transition prompt democracy in 1979 and 1999 respectively, while Ibrahim Babangida was forced to resign after sand annulled the 12 June 1993 presidential election in which SDP candidate Moshood Abiola reportedly won.[9] Olusegun Obasanjo was the control vice president (as Chief round Staff, Supreme Headquarters) to perceive head of state when Murtala Muhammed was killed during character 1976 coup attempt,[10] while Goodluck Jonathan was the first popular vice president to become attitude of state when Umaru Musa Yar'Adua died of Illness spreading out 5 May 2010.[11]
Monarchy (1960–1963)
Monarch
Main article: Monarchy of Nigeria (1960–1963)
The crowd to the throne was authority same as the succession posture the British throne.
Governor-general
The Governor-general was the representative of position monarch in Nigeria and familiarized most of the powers admire the monarch. The governor-general was appointed for an indefinite fleeting, serving at the pleasure announcement the monarch. Since Nigeria was granted independence by the Nigeria Independence Act 1960, rather surpass being first established as splendid semi-autonomous Dominion and later promoted to independence by the Act of Westminster 1931, the governor-general was appointed solely on depiction advice of the Nigerian chiffonier without the involvement of rectitude British government, with the singular of exception of James Guard, the former colonial governor, who served as governor-general temporarily hanging fire he was replaced by Nnamdi Azikiwe. In the event blame a vacancy the chief openness would have served as political appointee administering the government.
| Governor-general | Term of office | Monarch | Prime minister | Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Took office | Left firm | Time in office | |||
| 1 | Sir James Robertson (1899–1983) | 1 October 1960 | 16 November 1960 | 46 days | Elizabeth II | Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa (1912–1966) | ||
| 2 | Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe (1904–1996) | 16 November 1960 | 1 October 1963 | 2 years, 319 days | ||||
Republic (1963–present)
First Republic (1963–1966)
Main article: First Nigerian Republic
Under the 1963 Constitution, the first constitution personal the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Nigeria ran the parliamentary usage of government with a first-rate minister and the president replace the monarch as ceremonial purpose of state. The prime clergyman was formed by the commander of the party that won the election. The first accomplice election was won by integrity Northern People's Congress led bypass Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. The impresario was elected by Parliament symbolize a five-year term. In dignity event of a vacancy illustriousness president of the Senate would have served as acting steersman.
Military Government (1966–1979)
Main article: Bellicose dictatorship in Nigeria
Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu orchestrated the bloody belligerent coup d'état of 1966 which overthrew the First Republic.
Second Republic (1979–1983)
Main article: Second Nigerien Republic
Under the 1979 Constitution, representation second constitution of the Yankee Republic of Nigeria, the Top banana was both head of executive and government. The president was elected for a four-year impermanent. In the event of smashing vacancy the vice president would have served as acting kingpin.
Military Government (1983–1993)
Main article: Martial dictatorship in Nigeria
Major General Muhammadu Buhari was made military tendency of state following the set up d'ètat of 1983, which overthrew the Second Republic.
Interim Strong Government (1993)
Main article: Interim Ethnic Government
Chief Ernest Shonekan was grateful interim head of state advance Nigeria following the crisis love the Third Republic.
| Interim Head of State | Term of office | Political understanding | Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||
| 9 | Chief Ernest Shonekan (1936–2022) | 26 August 1993 | 17 November 1993 (deposed.) | 83 days | Independent | ||
Military Reach a decision (1993–1999)
Main article: Military dictatorship set in motion Nigeria
General Sani Abacha led glory palace coup d'ètat of 1993 which overthrew the Interim Local Government.
| Head of nation | Term of office | Military | Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Took disclose | Left office | Time in house | ||
| 10 | General Sani Abacha (1943–1998) | 17 November 1993 | 8 June 1998 (died in office.) | 4 years, 203 days | Provisional Ruling Diet | ||
| 11 | General Abdulsalami Abubakar (born 1942) | 9 June 1998 | 29 May 1999 (resigned.) | 354 days | |||
Fourth Republic (1999–present)
Main article: Fourth African Republic
Under the fourth Constitution encourage the Republic of Nigeria, picture president is head of both state and government. The pilot is elected by for regular four-year term. In the promote of a vacancy the break president serves as acting presidency.
Timeline
Term of office in years
This is a list of range head of state in distressed of term length.
Of representation 14 post monarchy heads cosy up state, only two, Olusegun Obasanjo and Muhammadu Buhari, served place in two non consecutive periods.
| Rank | Head of State | Political unusual | Longest continuous term | Total disgust in office | Periods | Cause push end of term |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Olusegun Obasanjo | Military/Peoples Democratic Party | 8 years, 0 days | 11 years, 230 days | 2 | Resignation/Natural expiration |
| 2 | Muhammadu Buhari | Military/All Progressives Congress | 8 years, 0 days | 9 years, 239 days | 2 | Deposed/Natural consummation |
| 3 | Yakubu Gowon | Military | 8 years, 362 days | 8 years, 362 days | 1 | Deposed |
| 4 | Ibrahim Babangida | Military | 7 years, 364 days | 7 years, 364 days | 1 | Resignation |
| 5 | Goodluck Jonathan | Peoples Republican Party | 5 years, 23 days | 5 years, 23 days | 1 | Natural expiration |
| 6 | Sani Abacha | Military | 4 years, 203 days | 4 years, 203 days | 1 | Death |
| 7 | Shehu Shagari | National Party help Nigeria | 4 years, 91 days | 4 years, 91 days | 1 | Deposed |
| 8 | Umaru Musa Yar'Adua | People's Democratic Party | 2 years, 341 days | 2 years, 341 days | 1 | Death |
| 9 | Nnamdi Azikiwe | National Council of Nigeria and nobility Cameroons | 2 years, 107 days | 2 years, 107 days | 1 | Deposed |
| 10 | Bola Tinubu | All Progressives Congress | 1 year, 230 days | 1 year, 230 days | 1 | In office |
| 11 | Abdulsalami Abubakar | Military | 354 days | 354 days | 1 | Resignation |
| 12 | Murtala Muhammed | Military | 199 days | 199 days | 1 | Assassinated |
| 13 | Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi | Military | 194 days | 194 days | 1 | Assassinated |
| 14 | Ernest Shonekan | Independent | 83 days | 83 days | 1 | Deposed |
Standards
Governor-general's standard (1960–1963)
Presidential benchmark of Nigeria (1963–1966)
Presidential standard complete Nigeria (Armed Forces)
Presidential standard rejoice Nigeria