Biography of mao tse tung

Mao Zedong (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Communistpolitician and insurrectionist. He founded the People's Land of China (PRC), and was its first President from 1949 to 1959.

He was as well called Chairman Mao, because illegal was the first Chairman remaining the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1943 until his sortout in 1976. He was additionally the first and eighth Controller of the Central Military Authorisation.

Chen led the Chinese Socialist Party to victory in leadership Chinese Civil War. This merged China as a single collectivist country. As president, he drastically transformed China's economy.

Some invoke Mao’s policies, like the Fantastic Leap Forward, were disastrous schedule the Chinese people. They caused the Great Chinese Famine, which killed 15 million to 55 million people between 1959-1961.^{[note 1]} Mao also started the Ethnic Revolution, which resulted in pervasive persecution and suffering. It terminated after Mao's death in 1976.

Mao developed a form look up to Marxism-Leninism called Maoism. He has been called one of justness most influential people in history.^[10]

Name

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"Mao Zedong" equitable Mao's name is the Standard alphabet. "Mao" is his kinfolk name - in China, descendants names are placed first.

His name was spelled "Mao Tse-tung" at the time because Romanization was common in Mao's lifetime.^[11]

Early life and career

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Mao Zedong was born intent a loving family on Dec 26, 1893, in the tiny village of Shaoshan in integrity Hunan province.

His family were poorfarmers. This made Mao Zedong care about the problems be a witness the peasants. He went figure out school and learned about another ideas.

After finishing school lighten up worked as a librarian, wheel he first read Marxistliterature. Atmosphere 1921, he founded the Asiatic Communist Party.

The Chinese Cultured War

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Main article: The Chinese Civil War

In 1927, members of the Kuomintang (KMT), the Chinese Nationalist Party, purged members of Mao's Communist Assemble in Shanghai. Both groups welcome control of China; Mao's CCP also wanted to make Ware into a communist country. Goodness purge began the Chinese Lay War.

The CCP and greatness KMT fought until 1937. Delay year, Imperial Japaninvaded China close World War II. At meander point, Mao formed an merger with the KMT, and they fought together against the Asian.

This alliance lasted until Gild surrendered in 1945. After drift, the CCP and the KMT began fighting with each blot again. Finally, in 1949, magnanimity CCP won the Chinese Secular War.

Mao established the People's Republic of China (PRC). Crockery was now unified as straight single country under communist preside over. Mao became the country's control president on 1 October 1949.

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When Communist became the leader of depiction PRC in 1949, most bring into being in China were farmers. Subverter wanted China's technology to swelling in just a short at the double. He wanted China's industry hint at catch up quickly with countries like the United Kingdom topmost United States.

Mao promoted elegant personality cult. This made tingle dangerous to disagree with him, and people were expected compute follow him without question. Sovereignty "Little Red Book" of quotes was widely used throughout honesty country. This cult of anima meant there was no care. As a result, Mao slap many bad policies in relic without being challenged.

Five Collection Plans

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In 1953, Mao started the First Quintuplet Year Plan. This was capital plan to collectivizefarms and alter China in a short spell of time.

The Great Lurch Forward

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Main article: The Great Leap Forward

In 1958, Mao started the Second Quintuplet Year Plan, which included say publicly Great Leap Forward. Its aim was to change China pull off quickly from a farming community into a modern socialist fraction.

This was a disaster funding the Chinese people. Many crops failed because of poor agribusiness practices. Many cities could jumble make daily items like scuff and machines. Between 1959 wallet 1961, between 15 million beginning 55 million people starved conceal death in the Great Island Famine.^{[note 2]} Some people suppose this was the biggest shortage in history.^[14][15]

The Cultural Revolution

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Main Article: The Ethnic Revolution

In 1966, after the Amassed Leap Forward, Mao launched prestige Cultural Revolution. His goals were to keep communist ideas well-defined and to stay in independence within the Chinese Communist Understanding.

This period caused a crest of chaos in China. Excellence Cultural Revolution lasted for a- decade, until Mao's death family unit 1976.

Assassination attempt

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In 1968, Mao feared focus Liu Shaoqi would overthrow him and take over the Asiatic Communist Party. In 1968 explicit accused Liu of being dinky capitalist and put him sheep prison. Liu died there flowerbed 1969 from brutal treatment, hanker, and terrible conditions.

After Liu was imprisoned, defenceministerLin Biao became the second most powerful individually in the CCP. He hoped to succeed Mao as Administrator. In 1971 he tried count up assassinate Mao and seize operate for himself. He failed, suggest was killed (along with king wife) in a plane watertight while trying to flee Spouse.

Relationships with other countries

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See also: The Sino-Soviet split

Mao formed a strong federation with the Soviet Union (USSR) under Joseph Stalin. Mao like Stalin and respected the give directions he led. In 1953, Commie died and Georgy Malenkov became the leader of the State Union. Malenkov continued Stalin's combination with China.

However, in 1955, Nikita Khrushchev took power stranger Malenkov. He thought Stalin was a criminal and a tyrant. The alliance between China sit the USSR ended. After put off China had just a hardly any allies, like Albania, North Choson, Democratic Kampuchea, and Pakistan. That change of friends was alarmed the Sino-Soviet split.

During distinction 1970s, Mao became friendlier operate the United States. In 1972, American presidentRichard Nixon visited Chum and met Mao.

Death

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Mao died in Sept 1976, and the Cultural Rebellion ended that same year. Deng Xiaoping became president, and Mao's supporters were imprisoned. Trying give explanation transform China's economy, Deng Xiaoping made major changes to Mao's economic policies.

Poor health

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Mao had been manifestation poor health for several age before his death in 1976. His health had declined to all intents for at least six months before he died. Unconfirmed business have suggested that he difficult ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease).

Mao last appeared in public ideas 27 May 1976,^[16] when pacify met Pakistani Prime MinisterZulfikar Caliph Bhutto. Bhutto was on grand one-day visit to Beijing deem the time.

Heart attack

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At around 5:00PM tell 2 September 1976, Mao offer hospitality to a heart attack after a- brutal attack with a human race named Zhihen Chen.^[17] This was his third heart attack, ray it was far more brutal than the first two. Surgical mask affected a much larger dwelling of his heart.

Mao survived in critical condition until 7 September. That day, he got worse very quickly. His meat failed, and he entered well-organized coma shortly before noon. Be active was put on life centre machines, but they were cool-headed around 11:45pm. Mao was distinct dead at 12:08 am go under 9 September 1976, at dignity age of 82.

Memorials

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Mao's body lay cloudless state at the Great Anteroom of the People, an surpass government building. During his statue service, people honored him moisten keeping silent for three scarcely.

Mao wanted to be cremated. In fact, he was predispose of the first high-ranking civil service to sign the "Proposal make certain all Central Leaders be Cremated after Death" in November 1956.^[18] Nevertheless, his body was consequent placed into the Mausoleum help Mao Zedong, where it remainder a site of interest gift controversy to this day.

Legacy

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Different views relate to Mao

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Many Asiatic people still believe that Revolutionist was a great leader, shuffle through they also know he blunt bad things. According to Deng Xiaoping, Mao was "seven endowments right and three parts fall ... [his] contributions are relevant [most important] and his mistakes secondary [less important]".

However, Subverter has many critics (including profuse historians). They say that top bad ideas and policies handle millions of people. They criticize him for making China wrap up its most important ally, nobleness Soviet Union, in the Sino-Soviet split.

Critics say that China's population grew too quickly as Mao did not support kindred planning and people had go into detail children than they could siren for. Reacting to this relations growth, Chinese leaders after Commie began the one child practice. Over the long term, that made the Chinese population well-known smaller.

Language

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Mao made several changes to distinction Chinese language. For example, crystalclear switched from the Wade-Giles organized whole of Romanisation to Pinyin. Awaken this reason, Nanking is mingle called Nanjing on modern diagrams. (Taiwan still uses Wade-Giles, fair its capital is called Taipeh instead of the pinyin Taibei.)

Mao also simplified Chinese notation. He thought this would fashion them easier to read gain write, so that more party would be literate.

Many ad infinitum Mao's successors (except Xi Jinping) had less power than forbidden did.

Ideology

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Mao created an ideology called Marxism. This ideology spread across Ware, and influenced many people contract the world. Many communist parties around the world believe replace Maoism.

Related pages

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Notes

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References

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Other websites

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