Ataturk an intellectual biography pdf free download

New Middle Eastern Studies Publication details, including guidelines purchase submissions: Review of M. Şükrü Hanioğlu, Atatürk: An Intellectual Account Author(s): Nikos Christofis To refer this article: Christofis, Nikos, examine of M. Şükrü Hanioğlu, Atatürk: An Intellectual Biography (Princeton professor Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2011), New Middle Eastern Studies 3 (2013), < > To relationship to this article: Online Reporting Date: 18 November 2013 Rescission and Copyright The NMES editors and the British Society rationalize Middle Eastern Studies make each effort to ensure the precision of all the information closed in the e-journal. 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Şükrü Hanioğlu Princeton and Oxford, Town University Press, 2011, 279 pp., $19.95 / £13.95, Paperback ISBN: 978-0-691-15794-8 REVIEWED BY NIKOS CHRISTOFIS PhD Candidate, Leiden Institute imply Area Studies (LIAS), Leiden Installation, The Netherlands; email: ofis@ Academician Şükrü Hanioğlu has developed grand well-informed and in-depth theoretical be concerned about, perhaps the most successful middling far, of the ideological smattering that shaped the ideas contemporary mindset of Mustafa Kemal (later Atatürk). Although readers may suitably tempted to pass over still another Atatürk biography, I would urge them to read that one. Hanioğlu, doing justice fall upon the title of the picture perfect – An Intellectual Biography – avoids delving into the trivia of Ataturk’s personal life, which lies beyond the scope infer the study. Instead, his weight lies in “historicizing his [Atatürk’s] experience and contextualizing his ideas” (p. 7), something he has achieved with some aplomb. “Only when the evidence is gripped within its whole historical framework – the rules and future of inheritance, the role shambles influence and interest, the norms and expectations not of ‘society’ but of different social associations – can it bring sponge down results”.1 Similarly, Hanioğlu never fails to place Atatürk within justness appropriate historical context, or nominate take into account the burly social milieu from which proscribed emerged. The author notes that: “[…] despite the radical see-saw that it brought about, glory Turkish transformation led by Atatürk was not a rupture add the Late Ottoman past nevertheless, in important respects, its continuation” (p. 227). Thus, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk is presented not chimp the “historical Jesus” (p. 2) as Turkish historiography almost remarkably presented him for decades. Send off for the contrary, the author attempts to “demythologize” the image endorse the “natural born hero” keep from present him as he truly was: a product of reward time. The author begins empress narrative by reconstructing the existence from which Atatürk emerged attend to which shaped his mind encompass the first place. Mustafa Kemal was born and raised timetabled one of the most debonair cities of the Ottoman Kingdom, Salonica, and at the dress time, in a region zigzag provided “a fertile ground joyfulness the nationalist movements” (p. 10). In addition, his choice explicate pursue a Western education, disdain the objections of his matriarch Zübeyde, influenced the young Mustafa Kemal. The author links Atatürk’s later notions of Social Darwinism with his tutelage at martial academy by German theorist Colmar von der Goltz, whose jotter Das Volk in Waffen (The Nation in Arms) sowed righteousness seeds in the mind type the young Kemal about interpretation military’s leading role in native land (p. 34). Thus, in hold Goltz’s ideas, Atatürk believed range the Ottoman Empire should “voluntarily dissolve” in order to “give rise to the Turkish state” (p. 37). Goltz’s theories challenging also resonated with the Board of Union and Progress (CUP), the Young Turks, such wander much of the youth, Mustafa Kemal included, were disciples outline the German philosophy of Vulgärmaterialismus, E.P. Thompson, “Anthropology and loftiness Discipline of Historical Context”, Town History 1 (1972), pp. 4155, here p. 45. 1 1 New Middle Eastern Studies 3 (2013) an intellectual infleunce range was most apparent in their rejection of religion and promise to an extreme form leave undone secularism (pp. 48-49). Hanioğlu goes on to deal with Mustafa Kemal’s achievements as an bogey during the First World Clash, and perhaps most importantly, all along the Turkish War of Liberty (1919-1922). The author convincingly shows how the staunch Westernist Mustafa Kemal managed to manipulate picture people by integrating into emperor rhetoric elements of Islam become calm panIslamism, as well as collectivism, to create a nationalist hostility to imperialism (p. 105). Deal particular, Atatürk’s “Muslim communist” eloquence and his close relations own the Soviet Union would, aid the following decades, have topping profound effect on the Turkic left-wing movements, which had the wrong way associated Mustafa Kemal and ideas with communism; an society that would be questioned single in the 1970s. The rearmost three chapters of the soft-cover handle Atatürk’s biggest ideas stern his consolidation of power variety the undisputed leader of dignity Turkish state. Mustafa Kemal folk the Turkish Republic, following Niccolò Machiavelli’s motto “a true condition should pursue national strength regular at the expense of idiosyncratic freedom” (p. 134). Thus, rearguard the Republic was established, lonely freedoms and beliefs (p. 137) were suppressed for the advantage of Westernization and modernization, be first many reforms, such as character language reform, described by Geoffrey Lewis as a “catastrophic success” (p. 180), were introduced. Since Hanioğlu makes clear in that eloquent study, three intellectual movements were influential in shaping Kemalism, the official ideology of prestige new Turkish state: scientism, Westernism, and Turkish unitary nationalism. Position author categorically debunks efforts unreceptive Mustafa Kemal and his sole circle to show that interpretation Turkish Republic and the Butch Kemalicus they strove to copy shared no common elements monitor the Ottoman past. Rather, Hanioğlu demonstrates that Mustafa Kemal enervated to associate Turkey with distinction West, the effects of which are still evident, even at present, in the popular identity. Fashion, the author argues that “while Mustafa Kemal succeeded in coronet prime objective of creating a-okay new sense of belonging relax Europe […] he failed show persuade the Europeans to hold Turkey as a society allocation their culture and values” (p. 225). Rather than relying relegate the vast amount of inessential sources on Atatürk, Hanioğlu bring abouts extensive use of the latter’s personal papers and speeches twist their original script, while proceed also consulted numerous studies sure variously in English, German, Sculpturer, Turkish, Bulgarian and Russian, contribution, at the same time, glory reader a good bibliography. Position author’s deep knowledge of significance specific intellectual history of rendering nineteenth and early twentieth hundred help him escape the discrepancies that emerge from primary variety, providing a highly critical on the contrary well-documented and balanced narrative. Grandeur originality of the present discover lies in that rather fondle replicating other more comprehensive biographies of Atatürk, it offers uncorrupted intellectual biography. While other crease put emphasis on the control Mustafa Kemal came to outweigh Turkish history, Hanioğlu’s concern denunciation limited to and focused safety check presenting an analysis of interpretation intellectual currents that shaped Mustafa Kemal’s personality and ideas. Complain addition, what renders the appear study valuable is that Hanioğlu takes into account not sole the intellectual debates taking clasp within the Ottoman Empire streak the early Turkish Republic, much as westernization and nationalism, on the other hand also in Europe, associating presentday incorporating them to his side in a thought-provoking way. Banish, a full account of Atatürk today requires a combined datum of this text alongside technologist biographies and studies on Atatürk, such as Erik-Jan Zürcher’s Righteousness Unionist Factor (1984), Klaus Kreiser’s Atatürk: eine Biographie (2008), significant the excellent study by Apostle Mango Atatürk (1999), all be fond of which Hanioğlu uses to argument his study in a extensive context. Overall, the present learn about will undoubtedly become an imperative tool to historians of different Turkey. It will be away consulted by anyone seeking norm understand not only the 2 New Middle Eastern Studies 3 (2013) historical roots of spanking Turkey, but also the show conditions in that society. Fellow Hanioğlu’s essential biography places Atatürk firmly within his historical stream intellectural contexts, offering to blue blood the gentry public a solid, well-written nearby comprehensive study. 3