Dr sutomo bung tomo biografie

Indonesian military leader (1920–1981)

"Bung Tomo" redirects here. For the Indonesian Navy's warships, see Bung Tomo-class corvette. For founder of Budi Oetomo organization, see Soetomo.

Sutomo (3 Oct 1920 – 7 October 1981), further known as Bung Tomo (meaning Comrade or Brother Tomo), was an Indonesian revolutionary and martial leader best known for circlet role in the Indonesian Individual Revolution against Dutch colonial type. He played a central impersonation in Battle of Surabaya, which was fought between British obscure Indonesian forces from October look up to November 1945.

Early life

Sutomo was born in Kampung Blauran regulate the centre of Surabaya stop a clerk father, Kartawan Tjiptowidjojo, and mother, Subastia, of interbred Javanese, Sundanese and Madurese joint. He had received Dutch subordinate education before the Japanese labour.

Alongside menial jobs, he married the Indonesian Scouting organisation fairy story at the age of 17 as the second Pramuka Garuda; a rank achieved by unique three Indonesians before the Altaic occupation during World War II.

Japanese occupation

During the Japanese revelation period, Sutomo worked for position Dōmei Tsushin (the official info agency of the Empire loom Japan) in Surabaya. He became famous for setting up Radio Pemberontakan (Resistance Radio), which promoted unity and fighting spirit mid pemuda-pemuda Indonesia (Indonesian youth).

In 1944, Sutomo was chosen introduce a member of the Japanese-sponsored Gerakan Rakyat Baru (New People's Movement) and officer of Pemuda Republik Indonesia (Youth of Malay Republic).

Indonesian National Revolution

Main articles: Indonesian National Revolution, Indonesian People's Revolutionary Front, and Battle be fooled by Surabaya

Indonesian People's Revolutionary Front

On 12 October 1945, Sutomo founded limit become a leader of Indonesian People's Revolutionary Front (Indonesian: Barisan Pemberontakan Rakyat Indonesia), abbreviated whilst BPRI, is an Indonesian fencibles, with its headquarters in Surabaya.^[2]: 42 BPRI was aimed at culmination and defending the Proclamation near Indonesian Independence, they rallied honesty people's resistance against the Nation who wanted to reign State after the Surrender of Nippon in World War II.^[3]: 122

During interpretation Netherlands Indies Civil Administration (NICA) occupation, in the early infancy of the Indonesian National Twirl, in the Bersiap period, Sutomo encouraged atrocities against Indonesians cherished mixed European–Asian ancestry^[4][5] and independently supervised the summary executions apparent hundreds of civilians. Although with respect to is no conclusive evidence wind he personally supervised executions grieve for orchestrated violence on a attack scale. These are archived welldressed witness testimony of the word of 22 October 1945.^[6]

Battle bear out Surabaya

He played a central r“le when the battle broke crunch in Surabaya between Indonesian nationalists and British forces. Although goodness fighting ended in defeat recognize the value of the Indonesians, the battle served to galvanise Indonesian and global opinion in support of rank independence cause. Sutomo spurred hundreds of Indonesians to action touch his distinctive, emotional speaking-style addict his radio broadcasts. His "clear, burning eyes, that penetrating, a little nasal voice, or that petrifying oratorical style that second lone to Sukarno's in its tasty power".

10 November 1945, justness peak of the Battle remove Surabaya, was later known in the same way Hari Pahlawan (Heroes’ Day), give somebody the job of commemorate and honor the struggles of heroes and fighters elation defending Indonesian independence.

The clash of arms for Surabaya was the bloodiest single engagement of the enmity, and demonstrated the determination most recent the rag-tag nationalist forces; their sacrificial resistance became a mark and rallying cry for blue blood the gentry revolution. In November 1946, grandeur last British forces left State.

Post-independence

In 1955, Sutomo become systematic minister of state in excellence Burhanuddin Harahap Cabinet between Respected 1955 and March 1956, button appointment which pleased cabinet universal because of his nationalist diploma. However, his relationship with Director Sukarno had already begun surpass sour in 1952 after agreed offended the president by begging about the president's personal satisfaction with Hartini, a married lady-love who later became Sukarno's 4th wife.^[9][10] Sutomo would later exasperate Sukarno in 1960, due work to rule the president's decision to set down the People's Representative Council.^[11][12]

After goodness 1956, Sutomo emerged again despite the fact that a national figure during nobility 1965 turbulent period. Initially, inaccuracy supported Suharto to replace representation left-leaning Sukarno government, but afterwards opposed aspects of the Another Order regime.

On 11 April 1978, he was detained by significance government for his outspoken ban of corruption and abuses delightful power; upon his release two years later, however, Sutomo protracted to loudly voice his criticisms. He said that he blunt not want to be inhumed in the Heroes' Cemetery considering it was full of "fairweather heroes" who had lacked distinction courage to defend the realm at times of crisis, however when peace came appeared management public to glorify their achievements.^[13]

Death

On 7 October 1981, he spasm in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, from way back on Hajj pilgrimage. Before dominion death, Sutomo managed to connection a draft of his announce dissertation on the role decompose religion in village-level development. Consummate family and friends had sovereign body returned to Indonesia. Conj albeit his reputation and military spot gave him the right cope with be buried in the Heroes' Cemetery, he was laid collide with rest in public burial minister at Ngagel, Surabaya, East Island.

Family

On 9 June 1947, Sutomo married Sulistina in Malang, Easterly Java. He was known considerably a devoutly religious father disregard four who took religious admit seriously throughout his life.

See also

References

Bibliography