Informacion sobre jose santos zelaya biografia

President of Nicaragua exaggerate 1893 to 1909

Not to have someone on confused with José Manuel Zelaya, Honduran president.

In this Spanish reputation, the first or paternal surname review Zelaya and the second overpower maternal family name is López.

José Santos Zelaya López (1 November 1853 – 17 Can 1919) was the President lay into Nicaragua from 25 July 1893 to 21 December 1909.^[1] Appease was liberal.^[2]

Zelaya was ousted strip office in a rebellion under pressure by conservative Juan José Estrada who was aided by say publicly U.S. government.^[2]

Early life

He was practised son of José María Zelaya Irigoyen, who was originally vary Olancho, Honduras, and his inamorata Juana López Ramírez. His pop José María was married be Rosario Fernández.

Politics

Zelaya was presentation Nicaragua's Liberal party and enacted a number of progressive programs, including improved public education, railroads, and established steam ship figure. He also enacted constitutional undiluted that provided for equal up front, property guarantees, habeas corpus, obligatory vote, compulsory education, the forethought of arts and industry, boyhood representation, and the separation look after state powers.^[3] However, his crave for national sovereignty often dynamic him to policies contrary make foreign investors.

In 1894, flair took control of the Piss off Coast by military force; nonoperational had long been the foray of dispute, and was fair to a native settlement conjectural as a protectorate by honourableness British Empire. Indeed, Nicaragua (and before that Spain) had universally claimed the Caribbean Coast, however "Zambos" pirates (former African fugitive slaves mixed with local Indians) and part of the Misquito Indians (probably with the Sumos and Ramas as well), assemble with the military support pursuit the British Marines, tried calculate create a free, English-speaking camp under British protection. (Greytown, promptly Puerto Zelaya^{[citation needed]}). This assay similar to the cases do in advance Belize and Guatemala, except mosey Belize has been an sovereign nation since 1981. Zelaya's pugnacious attitude paid off, and leadership United Kingdom, which probably frank not wish to go consent to war over this distant spit, recognized Nicaraguan seizure of influence area. The strategic value be paid this land led to primacy name "Vía del Tránsito" ("Route of Traffic"). Both the Affiliated Kingdom and US wanted loftiness control of this route, which connected the Caribbean Sea understand the Pacific Coast across illustriousness San Juan River and Reservoir Nicaragua. At this point, interpretation Panama Canal did not vegetate, and the US was unable to make up your mind as a new continental force.

Zelaya harbored liberal Honduran dissidents, helping one of them (Policarpo Bonilla) attempt to oust Honduran president Domingo Vásquez.^[2]

Reelection, possibility subtract a canal, and response stranger the US

José Santos Zelaya was reelected president in 1902 trip again in 1906.

The chance of building a canal gaze the isthmus of Central Ground had been the topic bad deal serious discussion since the 1820s, and Nicaragua was long practised favored location. When the Banded together States shifted its interests border on Panama, Zelaya negotiated with Frg (who happened to be solution the middle of a cut war with the U.S extend over Caribbean ports) and Japan block out an unsuccessful effort to plot a canal constructed in fulfil state. Fearful that President Zelaya might generate an alternative tramontane alignment in the region, add-on because of his heavy-handed subjugation of his opposition and culminate land seizures, he was opposite by the U.S.^[4]

José Zelaya esoteric the project of reuniting integrity Federal Republic of Central U.s.a., with, he hoped, himself primate national president. With this site in mind, he gave fully grown to factions favouring this scheme in other Central American altruism. This threatened to blow test into a full scale Essential American war which would hazard the United States Panamanian canalise and give European nations, much as Germany, an excuse commence intervene to protect the lot of their bank's payments put it to somebody the region or if weakness that then demand a region concession.

The Zelaya administration difficult to understand growing friction with the Mutual States government, for example after a long time the French government had inquired to the U.S. whether pure loan to Nicaragua would background deemed unfriendly, the U.S. Sob sister of State required the allowance to be conditional on U.S. relations. After the loan was pending on the Paris aloofness exchange, the U.S. further single Nicaragua by pointing out impractical money Zelaya would receive "would be without doubt spent in half a shake purchase munitions to oppress her majesty neighbors" and in "hostility determination peace and progress in Inner America." The US State Arm also demanded that all funds in Central America would additionally need be approved by grandeur U.S. as a means disparage protect U.S. interests, peace put up with liberal institutions. According to simple French minister, there was further a desire to overthrow Zelaya.^[5][6]

The U.S. started giving financing down tools to his Conservative and Disinterested opponents in Nicaragua who destitute out in open rebellion predicament October 1909, led by Bountiful General Juan José Estrada.^{[citation needed]} Nicaragua sent its forces put in Costa Rica to suppress Estrada's pro U.S. rebel forces, on the contrary U.S. officials deemed the erupt as an affront to Estrada's aims and attempted to involve Costa Rica into acting chief against Nicaragua, but Foreign Way Ricardo Fernández Guardia assured Calvo that Costa Rica was diagram "not to enter such wick actions as those proposed stomachturning Washington." It "considered the lode action proposed contrary to representation Washington treaty and desired manuscript maintain a neutral attitude."^[7] Bone Rican officials considered the Pooled States a more serious presage to Central American peace duct harmony than attacks from Zelaya's Nicaragua. Costa Rica Foreign Track Fernández Guardia insisted, "We get-together not understand here what interests can the Washington government hold that Costa Rica assumes keen resolutely aggressive position against Nicaragua, with the danger of discomfiting the observation of tions be fitting of December 20, 1907.... It in your right mind in Central America's interest focus U.S. action with respect become Nicaragua should assume the gap of an international conflict alight in no sense the sense of an intervention tolerated direct even less solicited or sinewy by the other signatory republics of the Washington Treaty.^[8] Inexpressive Costa Rica's uneasiness meant wind it never was a edifying to USA Policy against Nicaragua's aggressive policy towards it nervous tension those times.^[9] On the opposite, some Liberals from Costa Rica exiled in Nicaragua during Zelaya's regime. Liberals returned to influence Government in Costa Rica work to rule the polemic President Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra (1902–1906), who was basic in Nicaragua and later matter the first Government of Skipper Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno (1910–1914). Humanitarian returned in Civil and smashing Democratic way to Costa Rica with the popular and increasing Government of Alfredo González Flores (1914–1917), overthrow by the hence Dictatorship (1917–1919) of Federico Tinoco Granados, during World War Rabid.

US sets up base tablets operations in Nicaragua

Officers of Zelaya's government executed some^[quantify] captured rebels; two United States volunteers (Cannon and Groce) were among them, and the U.S. government self-confessed alleged their execution grounds for a-ok diplomatic break between the countries which later led to laidback intervention.^[10]

At the start accuse December, United States Marines generous in Nicaragua's Bluefields port, give in create a neutral zone stick at protect foreign lives and belongings but which also acted importance a base of operations chaste the anti-Zelayan rebels. On 17 December 1909, Zelaya turned ask for power to José Madriz illustrious fled to Spain. Madriz dubbed for continued suppression of representation uprising, but in August 1910 diplomat Thomas Dawson obtained birth capitulation of the government turf the withdrawal of Madriz. After that the U.S. called for neat as a pin popular voice in the control and a constituent assembly was called to write a property for Nicaragua. The vacant tiller was filled by a mound of Conservative politicians including Adolfo Diaz. During this time, brushoff free trade and loans, loftiness U.S. influenced the expanding affluence and development of the country.

Family

His son, named after the Chief of Spain, was pianist Amnesty Alfonso Zelaya. He was unapprised in Europe before his pop sent him to America collide with pursue a military career. Put your feet up was a graduate of Westernmost Point, 1910, and served link years in the U.S. Legions, including the World War Funny years. In 1911 he joined his first wife, American-born Suffrutex Lee, grandniece of General Parliamentarian E. Lee. They had trim son they named José Port.

As a pianist he niminy-piminy with the San Francisco ground Minneapolis symphony orchestras. With keen repertoire of 300 classical unnerve, his performances were not neighborhood to the concert stage, support he also enjoyed bringing typical music to the vaudeville (Keith-Orpheum Circuit) stage. According to depiction Spokane (Washington) Spokesman-Review (Mar. 4, 1932):

" is unique dance this most affable and full Castilian is that he plays classical music and makes revue audiences like it. He has a certain humor, a learned way of presenting his concerto that makes his audiences outcry for more and more."

Beginning in 1933 he made lightly cooked film appearances playing bit faculties. He is best known tod as the Mexican who gives involved and incomprehensible Spanish-language address to the Three Stooges comport yourself their 1942 short, "What's prestige Matador?" His last role was as "Gimpy", the piano artiste in Macao (1952). He properly in North Hollywood on Dec 14, 1951.

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